Evidence library
These references are meant to explain why a recommendation appears — not to replace clinician judgment.
How it’s used in the tool: the overall “stage‑matched, stepwise, interventional‑first” logic and escalation pathways.
- Interventional glaucoma consensus treatment protocol (Expert Review of Ophthalmology, 2025). DOI:
10.1080/17469899.2025.2465330 - The evolution and emergence of interventional glaucoma (2024, open access via PubMed Central).
How it’s used in the tool: supports SLT/DSLT as a first‑line option in OAG/OHT.
- Gazzard G, et al. Selective laser trabeculoplasty versus eye drops for first‑line treatment of ocular hypertension and glaucoma (LiGHT). The Lancet (2019).
How it’s used in the tool: long‑term durability of SLT‑first strategies, and reduced need for incisional surgery.
- Gazzard G, et al. LiGHT Trial: Six‑Year Results of Primary SLT vs Eye Drops. Ophthalmology (2023). DOI:
10.1016/j.ophtha.2022.09.009
How it’s used in the tool: reinforces SLT‑first approaches in terms of VF progression signal over longer horizons.
- Montesano G, et al. Six‑year rate of visual field progression in the LiGHT trial (post‑hoc analysis; 2025).
How it’s used in the tool: procedural pharmaceutical option to reduce IOP / drop burden in appropriate patients.
- Medeiros FA, et al. Phase 3, randomized, 20‑month study of bimatoprost implant. Ophthalmology (2020).
How it’s used in the tool: procedural pharmaceutical option when drop burden, adherence, or escalation paths suggest it.
- Sarkisian SR Jr, et al. Phase 3 randomized clinical trial of the safety and efficacy of the travoprost intraocular implant. Ophthalmology (2024).
How it’s used in the tool: tissue‑sparing MIGS option (often combined cataract) with longer‑term outcomes.
- Ahmed IIK, et al. Long‑term outcomes from the HORIZON randomized trial. Ophthalmology (2022).
- Montesano G, et al. Five‑year visual field outcomes of the HORIZON trial. Am J Ophthalmol (2023).
How it’s used in the tool: trabecular bypass stent as a tissue‑sparing MIGS option (often combined cataract).
- Samuelson TW, et al. Prospective, randomized, controlled pivotal trial of iStent inject. Ophthalmology (2019).
How it’s used in the tool: canaloplasty/trabeculotomy evidence used for tissue‑sparing MIGS pathways.
- Greenwood MD, et al. 36‑Month Outcomes for Canaloplasty and Trabeculotomy Combined With Cataract Surgery. Ophthalmology Glaucoma (2023).
How it’s used in the tool: context for filtering / tube surgery decisions in later escalation.
- Gedde SJ, et al. Treatment outcomes in the Tube Versus Trabeculectomy (TVT) Study after five years. Am J Ophthalmol (2012).
How it’s used in the tool: escalation context in more advanced disease / post‑operative scenarios.
- Gedde SJ, et al. Treatment outcomes in the Primary Tube Versus Trabeculectomy Study after 5 years. Ophthalmology (2022).
How it’s used in the tool: tube selection context when filtration/tubes are considered.
- Christakis PG, et al. The Ahmed Versus Baerveldt Study: five‑year treatment outcomes. Ophthalmology (2016).